Exhaust emissions, fuel consumption and vehicle dynamics tests on chassis dynamometers

Measurement of gaseous and solid exhaust gas components at ambient temperatures from 20°C to 30°C over the NEDC, WLTC, FTP-75, US06, SC03, JC08, WMTC driving cycles, according to requirements within European, American and Japanese regulations.

Emission measurement and calculation for: CO, CO₂, NO, NO_x, THC, CH₄, NMHC, PM, PN

Continuous harmful gas exhaust component emission measurements at a frequency of 10 Hz over various drive cycles (NEDC, WLTC, FTP-75, HFET, US06, SC03, JC08, RDE simulation, or custom cycles).

Diluted exhaust measurement – 1 sampling point downstream of the vehicle.
Diluted exhaust concentration measurement: CO, CO2, NO, NOx, THC
Diluted exhaust emission calculations: CO, CO2, NO, NOx, THC

Undiluted exhaust measurement – any 2 sampling points, beginning with the engine exhaust manifold to a sampling point downstream of the vehicle.
Undiluted exhaust concentration measurement: CO, CO2, O2, NO, NOx, NO2, THC, CH4
Undiluted exhaust emission calculations: CO, CO2, O2, NO, NOx, NO2, THC, CH4

In the graph: Efficiency of the catalytic system (on the example of CO emissions) – based on the modal analysis of undiluted exhaust gas

Dynamic measurement of NH₃ concentration (additionally N₂0, NO and NO₂) before and after SCR exhaust aftertreatment system
Measurement used in development tests, mainly in WLTC and RDE, for AdBlue injection management optimisation and efficiency improvement of SCR exhaust aftertreatment system.

Measurement ranges of HORIBA MEXA-ONE-QL-NX:

• NH₃: low 0 – 50 ppm, high 0 – 2000 ppm
• N₂0: low 0 – 100 ppm, high 0 – 2000 ppm
• NO: low 0 – 100 ppm, high 0 – 5000 ppm
• NO₂: low 0 – 50 ppm, high 0 – 2000 ppm

Measurement ranges of AVL AMA i60 LDD:

• NH₃: 0 – 5000 ppm

Equipment

• NH₃, N₂0, NO and NO₂ concentration measuring device HORIBA MEXA-ONE-QL-NX
• NH₃ concentration measuring device AVL AMA i60 LDD

Solid particle distribution measurements – both in terms of the number and the size of solid particles emitted. Such measurements are conducted using a TSI EEPS 3090 spectrometer. The measurment allows a classification of the diameters of solid particles emitted from the engine under test. The device has the following measuring range: from 5,6 to 560 nm.
Such measurements permit observation of the dynamic evolution of solid particle emissions – during the first few seconds following cold engine start, during regeneration of a particle filter and over any driving cycle. The results of the measurement are used for optimisation of:

• the combustion process in various types of combustion engine
• exhaust aftertreatment systems
• effectiveness of solid particle filters (DPF or GPF)

Measurement used in development tests for optimisation purposes:

• Combustion process in various types of combustion engines – ECU calibration
• exhaust aftertreatment systems
• DPF filtration effectiveness
• Accumulation, regeneration and regernation (burn out) of solid particle filters
• Engine start-up phases

Exhaust gas opacity is a result of the presence of solid particles (mostly soot – black smoke), hydrocarbons (blue smoke) and water vapour (white smoke). At a soot content of 100-300 mg/m³ the exhaust gas opacity is noticeable. Black smoke appears at concentrations of approx. 500 mg/m³. An increase in exhaust gas opacity is usually accompanied by an increase in the emission of other harmful exhaust gas components (CO₂, CO, HC, NO_x).

Exhaust smoke opacity measurement is conducted by using an adsorption opacimeter, which makes use of phenomena relating to the absorption of visible radiation (light) passing through the gas.

Equipment

• Absorption opacimeter – AVL Opacimeter 439